K7433-100? Microwell coated with anti Proinsulin Ab ? Proinsulin Standard* ? Enzyme Conjugate (11X) ? Wash Concentrate (40X) ? Sample Diluent ? Conjugate Diluent ? Control (low & high) ? Assay Buffer ? TMB Substrate ? Stop Solution ? Serum or plasmaProinsulin (human) ELISA Kit: Rapid & convenient colorimetric assay for quantitative measurement of human Proinsulin. 100 assays. Proinsulin is synthesized in the beta cells of the pancreas and is the precursor molecule for insulin. Most proinsulin is converted to insulin and C-Peptide, which are secreted in equimolar amounts into the blood. About 15% is not converted and is released as proinsulin. The biological activity of proinsulin is only about 10% of Insulin, but the half-life of proinsulin is three times as long as insulin. The level of proinsulin in serum can be a reflection of ? cell status. Both IDDM and NIDDM are characterized by dysfunction of the pancreatic beta cells. Elevated proinsulin levels have been noted at the onset of IDDM and in healthy siblings of IDDM patients. Proinsulin levels may also be increased in patients with established NIDDM. Increased levels of circulating proinsulin are found in older patients, pregnant or obese diabetics, patients with insulinomas, functional hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, a rare syndrome. Because the structure of proinsulin is similar to insulin, proinsulin may be detected as immunoreactive insulin in the insulin assay. Immunoreactive insulin levels are generally determined in conventional RIA's, which overestimate the insulin level because the methods use antibodies, which cross, react with proinsulin. By calculating the molar ration of proinsulin to true insulin (P/I), a better assessment of beta cell function can be made. BioVision’s Proinsulin kit is a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the sandwich principle. The microtiter wells are coated with a monoclonal antibody directed towards a unique antigenic site on a Proinsulin molecule. An aliquot of sample containing endogenous Proinsulin is incubated in the coated wells. After washing off the samples in a second step an enzyme conjugate, which is an anti-Proinsulin antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase is incubated in the wells. After incubation the unbound conjugate is washed off with wash solution. Having added the substrate solution, the intensity of color developed is proportional to the concentration of Proinsulin in the sample.